TABLE 1.
BRIEF DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (N = 78)
| Variable | Description | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|---|
| ΔHomicide | 1991 homicide victimization rate subtracted from 2000 homicide rate | 13.6 | 8.6 |
| Homicide 2000 | 2000 homicide victimization rate | 30.1 | 17.5 |
| Political change | Z-scored index of political change (see text for description) | 0.0 | 2.5 |
| SE change | Index of negative socioeconomic change (see text) | 1.4 | 1.1 |
| Alcohol | Proxy (see text): Number of deaths per one hundred thousand residents due to alcohol poisoning in 2000 | 28.7 | 17.5 |
| Education | Number of students enrolled in higher education per one thousand residents in 2000 | 27.0 | 13.8 |
| Urban | Proportion of population living in cities with more than one hundred thousand residents in 2000 | 39.0 | 16.5 |
| Poverty | Proportion of population living below subsistence minimum in 1999 | 42.7 | 16.2 |
| East | Dummy variable for those regions located east of the Ural Mountains | — | — |
NOTE: The change score for homicide in this table is the raw change score. In model estimation, the change score was the residual when 2000 rates were regressed on 1991 rates (see text). SE = socioeconomic