. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Jul 31.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Promot. 2006 May-Jun;20(5):342–348. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-20.5.342

Table 2.

Means, SDs, Analysis of Variance, and t-test Results for Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Variables and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Stages of Change^*

	Stage of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
	P(n = 52)		C-PR (n = 166)		A-M (n = 44)
TTM Variables and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Pros	47.11^a	9.93	50.38^a,b	9.96	51.96^b	9.72
Cons	49.58^a,b	10.80	50.98^a	9.50	46.76^b	10.33
Self-efficacy	47.78^a	8.70	49.53^a	9.54	54.36^b	11.89
Fruit and vegetable consumption	1.94^a	0.95	2.08^a	1.08	7.28^b	2.15

	Dichotomized Stage of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
	P-C-PR (n = 218)		A-M (n = 44)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Experiential	49,06^a	9.67	54.63^b	10.40
Behavioral	49.00^a	9.84	54.93^b	9.36
Difference score (experiential - behavioral)	0.06^a	9.78	−0.30^a	10.67

P indicates precontemplation; C-PR, contemplation-preparation; and A-M, action-maintenance. Means with differing superscript letters are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Tukey HSD post hoc and Games-Howell post hoc test for analysis of variance or t-tests for independent samples.