Figure 1.

Path analytic model testing the direct effect of educational attainment levels on log-transformed HbA1c values in low-income adults with diabetes

^a Categorical variables with more than two levels include a referent group. For education, the referent group is those having less education than a high school diploma. For insurance, the referent group is having private insurance.

^b Indicates statistical significance based on t-test p values <0.05. Values shown represent standardized path estimates such that a one standard deviation unit change in a predictor variable is associated with the corresponding path value proportion of a standard deviation change for either literacy score or log HbA1c.