Localization of genes of interest by BAC–FISH mapping. (a and b) A 6C1E BAC covering Bm-Tpi (green signal) was colocalized with three Z-BACs (9A5H, 14I7D, and 5H3E; red signals) (a) on the Z chromosome in a female mitotic complement and (b) mapped on the Z chromatid between 9A5H and 14I7D in a female pachytene complement. (c) Five independent BAC–FISH preparations with 18B2A (RpP1), 10D5C (RpP0), 15I9C (RpS8), 18D1A (Bm-opsin), 20A1F (RpS5), 8L11B (RpL5), and 10A11H (RpL7A) probes defining the representative gene order on the chromosome corresponding to LG15 (Chr 15). The yellow signal was produced with a mixture of BAC probes, 3K9A (a Chr 15 marker) labeled with Cy-3 and fluorescein. (d) The order of genes, RpL19 (9C1F), RpL13 (5D7C), Bm-EF1α(11K9B), and patched (5C10F), on the chromosome corresponding to LG5 (Chr 5) was confirmed by three BAC–FISH mapping experiments with two red-labeled BAC probes (2C2D and 7H6C).