Effects of cannabinoid receptor agonism on T cell proliferation depends upon the cellular activation state. Early R(+)WIN55,212 treatment (filled circles) (postinfection day 0–5) significantly inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes compared with S(–)WIN55,212 (open circles) and untreated TMEV-infected mice (filled triangles) upon rechallenge with the TMEV VP270-86 peptide (postinfection day 8) (a), but not PLP139-151 (d). When measured at postinfection day 40, R(+)WIN55,212 treatment did not inhibit T lymphocyte proliferation to either VP270-86 or PLP139-151 peptides during established disease (postinfection day 26–31 or 50–55) (b, c, e, and f). *P < 0.05, compared with either S(–)WIN55,212 or untreated mice.