Figure 1.

Effects of Cys substitutions on MD-2 activity. HEK293 cells were cotransfected with reporter vectors, hTLR4, and empty vector (V), WT, or mutant MD-2. Transfectants were treated with (filled bars) or without (open bars) LPS, and NF-κB activities were determined and normalized to the activity of WT MD-2 in the presence of LPS. Each bar represents the mean and SEM of at least nine replicated points from three or more independent experiments. Residues that were mutated from Cys (C) to Ser (S) are indicated in the table below the graph, and mutant designations are specified on the x axis.