TABLE 5.

Detection of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in natural samples by PCR and culture methods

Sample	No. of samples			Reference
	Total	Culture positivea	PCR positive
Clinical
Pig tonsils	185	48	58	46
Pig tonsils	252	0	90	20
Pig feces	255	0	80	20
Mesenteric lymph nodes	257	0	103	20
Food
Pig tongues	51	40	47	45
Minced pork	255	4	63	45
Pig offal	34	17	21	47
Chicken	43	0	0	48
Fish	200	0	0	48
Lettuce	101	0	3	48
Porkb	300	6	50	72
Pig tongues	15	7	10	152
Ground pork	100	32	47	152
Ground beef	100	23	31	152
Tofu	50	0	6	152
Ground pork	350	0	133	20
Chitterling	350	8	278	20
Environmental
Water	105	1	11	126
Slaughterhouse	89	5	12	47

^aThe pathogenicity of the isolates has been confirmed.

^bExcept pig tongues and offal.