TABLE 4.

Antibody function after PPV in older adults

Study	Subjects	Controls	Endpoint	Measurements after PPV	Result of functional anti-CP antibody in older adults after PPV
Musher et al. (85)	n = 5, men mean age, 69 yr; COPD	Healthy young men; mean age, 34 yr	OPA to 9 serotypes	1 mo	OPA increased for 8/9 types from prevaccine (P ≤ 0.01); OPA increased less for 4/9 types compared to controls (P ≤ 0.02)
Konradsen (64)	n = 15; mean age, 63 yr; Denmark	Control serum of younger subjects	Avidity for 2 serotypes	1 mo, 5 yr	Avidity same relative to controls; unchanged after 5 yr
Rubins et al. (124)	n = 53; men mean age, 71 yr; veterans	28 younger staff members	Avidity and OPA to 1 serotype	1 mo, 3 mo, 16 mo	OPA increased, but avidity did not, relative to prevaccine; subset of older subjects with poor antibody response also had poor OPA
Romero-Steiner et al. (121)	n = 46; 39 women; mean age, 86 yr; nursing home residents	n = 12; mean age, 37 yr	OPA to 5 serotypes; avidity for select samples; passive protection	2-3 wk	OPA less for 4/5 types compared to control prevaccine (P < 0.05); OPA less for 5/5 types postvaccine (P < 0.05); low avidity in samples with adequate antibody but low OPA; low avidity and OPA correlated with poor passive protection in mice
Carson et al. (26)	n = 29; 13 female; mean age, 80 yr; veterans	Young, healthy	Avidity for 2 serotypes	4 wk	Avidity increased for 1/2 types; no difference compared to young