TABLE 2.

Opiates and microbial pathogens

Pathogen	Host species	Effecta	Reference(s)
Salmonella enterica sero- var Typhimurium	Mice	↑Gut colonization	127
Toxoplasma gondii	Mice	↑Mortality	40
Endogenousb	Mice	↑Sepsis	81
HSV-1	Mice	↑Infection	169
FLV	Mice	↑Mortality	224, 242
Candida albicans	Mice	↑Mortality	240
Swine herpesvirus plus Pasteurella multocida	Pigs	↑Pneumonia	189

^a↑, increase; ↓, decrease.

^bRetrovirus.