malE complementation to test of ToxR′(tm)MBP chimera topology. malE-deficient E. coli MM39 transformed with various expression constructs were cultured on M9 agar containing 0.4% maltose. wt, ToxR′(GpAwt)MBP. G83I, ToxR′(GpAG83I)MBP. no chimera, cells expressing no chimera. no tm, pkkTNM, a ToxR′-MBP chimera with no tm. pMAL-c2, cytoplasmic accumulation of MBP. pMAL-p2, periplasmic accumulation of MBP. φ, untransformed cells.