Skip to main content
PMC home page
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1990 Apr;80(1):69–76. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb06443.x

Early antibody responses in human schistosomiasis.

B Evengård 1, L Hammarström 1, C I Smith 1, E Linder 1
PMCID: PMC1535225  PMID: 2108833

Abstract

Early diagnosis is important when handling patients with acute schistosomiasis. This state is usually more severe in travellers and tourists than in the immune, resident patients. With increased travelling to areas endemic for schistosomiasis, a tool is needed to solve the problem of differential diagnosis due to the non-specific symptoms of the early stages of the disease. Early appearance of antibodies against excretory/secretory antigens of the intestinal tract in the adult worm was seen in six individuals recently infected with Schistosoma mansoni, using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The antibodies were of IgM, IgG and IgA classes, and of the IgG1, IgG3 and IgA1 subclasses as detected by ELISA using an antigen preparation of adult worm. On immunoblots, using a freeze-dried adult worm antigen, IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies recognized antigens of 32-35 kD. Antibodies against these antigens could thus be a marker of early infection in previously non exposed visitors to endemic areas.

Full text

PDF
70

Images in this article

73Fig. 1
on p.73
74Fig. 2
on p.74

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Butterworth A. E., Fulford A. J., Dunne D. W., Ouma J. H., Sturrock R. F. Longitudinal studies on human schistosomiasis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1988 Oct 31;321(1207):495–511. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1988.0105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Butterworth A. E., Wilkins H. A., Capron A., Sher A. The control of schistosomiasis - is a vaccine necessary? Parasitol Today. 1987 Jan;3(1):1–2. doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(87)90086-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cabrera Z., Buttner D. W., Parkhouse R. M. Unique recognition of a low molecular weight Onchocerca volvulus antigen by IgG3 antibodies in chronic hyper-reactive oncho-dermatitis (Sowda). Clin Exp Immunol. 1988 Nov;74(2):223–229. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Capron A., Dessaint J. P., Capron M., Ouma J. H., Butterworth A. E. Immunity to schistosomes: progress toward vaccine. Science. 1987 Nov 20;238(4830):1065–1072. doi: 10.1126/science.3317823. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 21-1985. A 21-year-old man with fever, diarrhea, and weakness of the legs during a sojourn in Kenya. N Engl J Med. 1985 May 23;312(21):1376–1383. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198505233122108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chapman P. J., Wilkinson P. R., Davidson R. N. Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) among British air crew. BMJ. 1988 Oct 29;297(6656):1101–1101. doi: 10.1136/bmj.297.6656.1101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Deelder A. M., Kornelis D., Van Marck E. A., Eveleigh P. C., Van Egmond J. G. Schistosoma mansoni: characterization of two circulating polysaccharide antigens and the immunological response to these antigens in mouse, hamster, and human infections. Exp Parasitol. 1980 Aug;50(1):16–32. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(80)90004-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dunne D. W., Grabowska A. M., Fulford A. J., Butterworth A. E., Sturrock R. F., Koech D., Ouma J. H. Human antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni: the influence of epitopes shared between different life-cycle stages on the response to the schistosomulum. Eur J Immunol. 1988 Jan;18(1):123–131. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830180119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Engström P. E., Norhagen G., Smith C. I., Söder P. O., Hammarström L. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of the IgA subclass distribution of antigen-specific antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 1988 Nov 25;115(1):45–53. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(88)90308-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Evengård B., Hammarström L., Smith C. I., Johansson S. G., Linder E. Subclass distribution and IgE responses after treatment in human schistosomiasis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988 Sep;73(3):383–388. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harries A. D., Cook G. C. Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever): clinical deterioration after chemotherapy. J Infect. 1987 Mar;14(2):159–161. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(87)92002-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Harries A. D., Fryatt R., Walker J., Chiodini P. L., Bryceson A. D. Schistosomiasis in expatriates returning to Britain from the tropics: a controlled study. Lancet. 1986 Jan 11;1(8472):86–88. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90730-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hussain R., Grögl M., Ottesen E. A. IgG antibody subclasses in human filariasis. Differential subclass recognition of parasite antigens correlates with different clinical manifestations of infection. J Immunol. 1987 Oct 15;139(8):2794–2798. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hussain R., Ottesen E. A. IgE responses in human filariasis. IV. Parallel antigen recognition by IgE and IgG4 subclass antibodies. J Immunol. 1986 Mar 1;136(5):1859–1863. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hussain R., Poindexter R. W., Ottesen E. A., Reimer C. B. Use of monoclonal antibodies to quantify subclasses of human IgG. II. Enzyme immunoassay to define antigen specific (anti-filarial) IgG subclass antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 1986 Nov 20;94(1-2):73–80. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90217-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Idris M. A., Ruppel A. Diagnostic Mr31/32,000 Schistosoma mansoni proteins (Sm31/32): reaction with sera from Sudanese patients infected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium. J Helminthol. 1988 Jun;62(2):95–101. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x00011305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Iskander R., Das P. K., Aalberse R. C. IgG4 antibodies in Egyptian patients with schistosomiasis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1981;66(2):200–207. doi: 10.1159/000232819. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Istre G. R., Fontaine R. E., Tarr J., Hopkins R. S. Acute schistosomiasis among Americans rafting the Omo River, Ethiopia. JAMA. 1984 Jan 27;251(4):508–510. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jassim A., Hassan K., Catty D. Antibody isotypes in human schistosomiasis mansoni. Parasite Immunol. 1987 Nov;9(6):627–650. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00535.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Johansson S. G., Bennich H., Berg T. In vitro diagnosis of atopic allergy. 3. Quantitative estimation of circulating IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1971;41(2):443–451. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kanamura H. Y., Hoshino-Shimizu S., Camargo M. E., da Silva L. C. Class specific antibodies and fluorescent staining patterns in acute and chronic forms of schistosomiasis mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1979 Mar;28(2):242–248. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.242. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lal R. B., Ottesen E. A. Enhanced diagnostic specificity in human filariasis by IgG4 antibody assessment. J Infect Dis. 1988 Nov;158(5):1034–1037. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.5.1034. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ljungström I., Hammarström L., Kociecka W., Smith C. I. The sequential appearance of IgG subclasses and IgE during the course of Trichinella spiralis infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988 Nov;74(2):230–235. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Magnusson C. G., Cesbron J. Y., Djurup R., Capron A., Johansson S. G. Raised serum IgG4 levels in patients with atopy and filariasis: application of an automated particle-counting immunoassay using monoclonal antibody. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1986;81(3):238–244. doi: 10.1159/000234141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mestecky J., Russell M. W. IgA subclasses. Monogr Allergy. 1986;19:277–301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nash T. E. Antibody response to a polysaccharide antigen present in the schistosome gut. I. Sensitivity and specificity. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978 Sep;27(5):939–943. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.939. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Neves J., Marinho R. P., de Araujo P. K., Raso P. Spinal cord complications of acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1973;67(6):782–792. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(73)90004-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Norden A. P., Strand M. Identification of antigenic Schistosoma mansoni glycoproteins during the course of infection in mice and humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 May;34(3):495–507. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.495. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ottesen E. A., Skvaril F., Tripathy S. P., Poindexter R. W., Hussain R. Prominence of IgG4 in the IgG antibody response to human filariasis. J Immunol. 1985 Apr;134(4):2707–2712. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Persson M. A., Hammarström L., Smith C. I. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for subclass distribution of human IgG and IgA antigen-specific antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 1985 Apr 8;78(1):109–121. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(85)90334-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ruppel A., Breternitz U., Burger R. Diagnostic Mr 31,000 Schistosoma mansoni proteins: requirement of infection, but not immunization, and use of the "miniblot" technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies. J Helminthol. 1987 Jun;61(2):95–101. doi: 10.1017/s0022149x00009810. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Ruppel A., Diesfeld H. J., Rother U. Immunoblot analysis of Schistosoma mansoni antigens with sera of schistosomiasis patients: diagnostic potential of an adult schistosome polypeptide. Clin Exp Immunol. 1985 Dec;62(3):499–506. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ruppel A., Rother U., Vongerichten H., Lucius R., Diesfeld H. J. Schistosoma mansoni: immunoblot analysis of adult worm proteins. Exp Parasitol. 1985 Oct;60(2):195–206. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(85)90023-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ruppel A., Shi Y. E., Wei D. X., Diesfeld H. J. Sera of Schistosoma japonicum-infected patients cross-react with diagnostic 31/32 kD proteins of S. mansoni. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987 Aug;69(2):291–298. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Scott M. T., Goss-Sampson M. Restricted IgG isotype profiles in T. cruzi infected mice and Chagas' disease patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 1984 Nov;58(2):372–379. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Spiegelberg H. L. Biological activities of immunoglobulins of different classes and subclasses. Adv Immunol. 1974;19(0):259–294. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60254-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Stuiver P. C. Acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever). Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 Jan 21;288(6412):221–222. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6412.221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Suchet I., Klein C., Horwitz T., Lalla S., Doodha M. Spinal cord schistosomiasis: a case report and review of the literature. Paraplegia. 1987 Dec;25(6):491–496. doi: 10.1038/sc.1987.82. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Watt G., Long G. W., Ranoa C. P., Cross J. H. The diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection. Areas of uncertainty. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1986;80(1):10–11. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(86)90184-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Zuidema P. J. The Katayama syndrome; an outbreak in Dutch tourists to the Omo National Park, Ethiopia. Trop Geogr Med. 1981 Mar;33(1):30–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES