Table 2.
Biologic activity of CTLA-4 antibody blockade
| Patient | Prior vaccine | Autoantibodies | Δ Neut | Melanocyte reactivity | Antitumor effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GVAX | None | 2 | Skin | Extensive hemorrhagic necrosis with granulocytes and lymphocytes |
| 2 | GVAX | ANA 1:160 | 4 | Skin retina | Extensive necrosis with granulocytes and lymphocytes; vasculopathy |
| 3 | DC | ANA 1:80, α-TG 212 | 3 | Skin | CD8+ T cell infiltrate; no tumor necrosis |
| 4 | DC | RF 28 | 0 | Skin | CD8+ T cell infiltrate; no tumor necrosis |
| 5 | DC | None | 2.5 | Skin | No tumor necrosis; absent infiltrate |
| 6 | GM2, gp100 | None | 0 | No | Not done |
| 7 | GVAX | None | 0 | No | Extensive necrosis with granulocytes and lymphocytes; vasculopathy |
| 8 | MUC-1, GVAX | None | 0 | No | CA-125 reduction |
| 9 | GVAX | ANA 1:160 | 0 | No | CA-125 stabilization |
GVAX, irradiated, autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete GM-CSF; DC, dendritic cells engineered to express gp100 and MART-1; gp100, peptide plus IL-2; MUC-1, MUC-1 conjugated to KLH plus QS-21; ANA, antinuclear antibodies; α-TG, antithyroglobulin antibodies; RF, rheumatoid factor; Δ Neut, fold increase in neutrophils.