Figure 4.

(a) Prediction of a two-step rise in the frequency of β-lactamase-producing isolates of M. catarrhalis from children aged <6 years in Finland. (b) Prediction of a rise and subsequent decline in the frequency of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal isolates carried by children aged <7 years in Iceland. Prompt intervention has substantially reduced the likely endemic level of resistance. All parameters used are given in Table 1. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals for the observed data.