Table 1.

Morphological and dental features distinguishing Cercocebus and Mandrillus from Lophocebus and Papio

Index	Cercocebus	Mandrillus	Lophocebus	Papio	P value
(Supinator crest height/humerus length) × 100	35.2  (1.6), 6	33.2  (0.85), 6	31    (3.34), 6	30.2  (2.68), 5	0.002
(Deltoid plane width/humeral head width) × 100	88.3 (6.7), 6	84   (10.7), 6	73.1  (8.13), 6	70.1  (9.8), 5	<0.001
(Coronoid width/articular notch width) × 100	54.9 (6.14), 6	55.6  (8.36), 6	71.9  (9.77), 4	70.7  (7.13), 5	<0.001
(Tibia mid AP diameter/mid ML diameter) × 100	132.3 (1.29), 6	123.5  (.964), 6	152.5  (0.77), 4	144.2  (4.32), 5	<0.001
(Scapula maximum height/maximum length) × 100	90.9 (8.22), 6	91.2  (3.67), 6	80.9  (3.49), 7	72.9  (4.32), 5	0.002
(Ilium minimum width/maximum acetabular diameter) × 100	111.8 (8.85), 5	117  (9.8), 5	86.2  (6.56), 4	100.6  (1.17), 6	<0.001
(P4 m-d × b-l/M1 m-d × b-l) × 100	90.3 (10.9), 10	95.3  (13.66), 12	57    (7.13), 13	61.1  (9.2), 6	<0.001
(P4 m-d × b-l/M1 m-d × b-l) × 100	85.6 (6.4), 10	86   (14.4), 12	57.6  (5.3), 13	55.5  (4.2), 6	<0.001

The means of Cercocebus and Mandrillus and those of Lophocebus and Papio were compared using the Games and Howell method and were not significantly different. Subsequently the combined means of Cercocebus–Mandrillus and Lophocebus–Papio were compared using Student’s t test. All measurements are of males. Values given as mean (SD), n. m-d = mesiodistal length, b-l = buccolingual breadth.