TABLE 1.
Patient no.f | Cause of immunodeficiency | Specimen source(s) | Microscopya result | MSb | PCRc result | Real-time PCR result (mean ± SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 3 | Positive | 4.6 × 105 ± 0.6 × 105/g |
2 | HIV infection | Urine | Presence | 3 | Positive | 8.0 × 105 ± 0.0 × 105/ml |
3 | HIV infection | Urine | Presence | 3 | Positive | 1.4 × 106 ± 0.0 × 106/ml |
Serum | NDd | ND | Positive | 1.0 × 102 ± 0.1 × 102/ml | ||
4 | HIV infection | Urine | Presence | 2 | Positive | 1.1 × 103 ± 0.1 × 103/ml |
5 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 2 | Positive | 1.1 × 104 ± 0.1 × 104/g |
6 | HIV infection | Whole blood | Presence | 1 | Positive | 4.6 × 102 ± 0.5 × 102/ml |
7 | Hodgkin's lymphoma | Pleural fluid | Absence | 0 | Negative | Negative |
Lung biopsy | Absence | 0 | Positive | 1.4 × 104 ± 0.1 × 104/g | ||
8 | HIV infection | Induced sputum | Presence | 2 | Positive | 1.6 × 105 ± 0.1 × 105/ml |
BALe fluid | Presence | 2 | Positive | 1.3 × 105 ± 0.1 × 105/ml | ||
Stool | Presence | 2 | Positive | 1.4 × 105 ± 0.1 × 105/ml | ||
Urine | Presence | 2 | Positive | 8.3 × 104 ± 0.7 × 104/ml | ||
Whole blood | ND | ND | Negative | Negative | ||
9 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 2 | Negative | Negative |
10 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 2 | Negative | Negative |
11 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 3 | Negative | Negative |
12 | HIV infection | Stool | Presence | 3 | Negative | Negative |
13-22 | None | Stools | Absence | 0 | Negative | Negative |
Presence or absence of spores on microscopic examination with Uvitex 2B and Weber's modified trichrome stains (16, 18).
MS, microscopy score (semiquantitative assessment of parasitic burden made by using Uvitex 2B-stained slides observed at a magnification of ×1,000: 0 indicated no spore, 1 indicated less than 1 spore per 10 microscopic fields, 2 indicated between 1 spore per 10 fields and 2 spores per field, and 3 indicated more than 2 spores per field).
E. intestinalis conventional PCR is described in reference 9.
ND, not done.
BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage.
Patients 1 to 8 (n = 8) were infected with E. intestinalis. Patients 9 to 12 (n = 4) were infected with E. bieneusi. Patients 13 to 22 (n = 10) did not have microsporidiosis.