Table 1.

Interventions and process evaluation in eight studies of HIV prevention

Outcome study	Additional process study	Intervention	Site	Any positive effects?	Methods of process evaluation	Stated rationale for process evaluation
Dilley et al (2002)⁸	None	Cognitive behavioural HIV prevention counselling	San Francisco HIV clinic	Yes	Adherence to treatment. Some sessions taped but data not reported	Assess consistency, completeness, and adherence to intervention guidelines
Elford et al (2001)⁹	Elford et al (2002),¹⁰	HIV peer education	London gyms	No	Survey of men's awareness, contact with and perceived usefulness of work.	Explore feasibility, practical constraints, transferability, and cultural adaptation
	Elford et al (2000)¹¹				Interviews and group discussions with providers and stakeholders and documents about costs, planning, and delivery
Flowers et al (2002)¹²	Flowers et al (1999)¹³	HIV peer education, gay specific genitourinary medicine service, and telephone advice line	Gay venues and clinic, Glasgow	No (intention to treat); yes (treatment analysis)	Observation of intervention. Survey of men's awareness and contact with work and its acceptability. Provider diaries, interviews and group discussions, and documents about planning and delivery	None
Gold and Rosenthal (1998)¹⁴	None	Face to face HIV prevention discussion versus posters	Homes, Melbourne and Sydney	No	Survey of men's views on usefulness of interventions	None
Imrie et al (2001)¹⁵	None	Cognitive behavioural HIV prevention workshop	Sexual health clinic, London	No	None	None
Picciano et al (2001)¹⁶	None	HIV telephone counselling	US	Yes	Counsellor reports of contents and ratings of each session	None
Rosser et al (2002)¹⁷	None	HIV education seminars	US university	Yes	None	None
Shepherd et al (1997)¹⁸	Shepherd et al (1999)¹⁹	HIV peer education	UK homes and other informal sites	Yes	Group discussions and interviews with educators, including drop-outs, about intervention training, reach, acceptability, and delivery	To examine how peer education can be undertaken with gay men not yet involved in the gay community