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Model depicting the contributions of SurA to steps in the UPEC pathogenic cascade. SurA supports binding and invasion of bladder epithelial cells through type 1 pilus assembly. In addition, other SurA substrates may potentiate invasion. SurA activity is required for intracellular growth of UPEC and for maturation of IBCs. Finally, suppression of bladder epithelial cytokines in vitro also requires SurA (15), which may impact bacterial persistence (dashed line).
