FIG. 2.

An LT-IS patch enhances the immune response to i.m. and s.c. injected antigen. Mice were immunized on days 0 and 14 by i.m. or s.c. injection with 5 or 1.5 μg of trivalent influenza virus vaccine, respectively. LT (50 μg) or PBS (no LT) was loaded onto a patch applied to the skin for 1 h. Serum collected 2 weeks after the second immunization was measured by ELISA for IgG titers to A/Panama (panels A and B), A/New Caledonia (panels C and D), and B/Johannesburg (panels E and F). Individual titers are displayed (open circles) with the corresponding geometric mean (bars) for each group. Groups marked with an asterisk indicate a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase from their respective group receiving a PBS patch.