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Proposed mechanism for B16M adhesion to HSE. From left, melanoma cells (●) release a prometastatic substance(s) that increases TNF-α production in HSE. TNF-α in turn stimulates IL-1β release via ICE and mature IL-1β stimulates IL-18 release, also via an ICE-dependent pathway. Mature IL-18 induces VCAM-1, which facilitates the adhesion of melanoma cells to HSE.
