Effect of the kdgM and togM polar mutations on PaeX production. E. chrysanthemi A576 (kdgK), A3433 (kdgK togM), and A3816 (kdgK kdgM) were grown in LB medium (A) or in LB medium supplemented with 0.2% galacturonate (C and D) until the early stationary phase. The culture supernatant (S) and whole-cell (C) fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed by immunoblotting with either PaeX (A, B, and C) or KdgM (D) antibodies. Immunoblotting analysis with PaeX antibodies was also performed on the whole-cell extracts of E. coli NM522 carrying either pT7-5 or pN2170 (pT7-5 with paeX) (B). The arrows indicate the positions of PaeX, KdgM, and an unknown protein (*) cross-reacting with the PaeX antiserum.