Table 2.

Loss-of-function of β-catenin signaling

Organ	Phenotype	Reference
Mesoderm patterning	No mesoderm, no head structure	Haegel et al. [3]
		Huelsken et al. [4]
Body axis	Absence and/or mislocation of anterior markers at embryonic day 5.5	Huelsken et al. [4]
Skin	Stem cells fail to differentiate into follicular keratinocytes, but adopt an epidermal fate	Heulsken et al. [35]
Brain and craniofacial development	Brain malformation and failure of craniofacial development	Brault et al. [5]