DMS and CMCT probing of the PSIV IRES. To detect modified bases, DMS- and CMCT-modified RNAs were analyzed by primer extension. (A) Modification with DMS (lanes 2 and 3) or CMCT (lanes 5 and 6) in the presence (lanes 2 and 5) or absence (lanes 3 and 6) of 40S ribosomes. Lanes 1 and 4 are the unmodified controls to detect non-specific termination. Bold bars mark IRES nucleotides protected from modification by 40S ribosomes. Nucleotide positions are shown at right. (B) Modification with DMS (lanes 2, 3, 5 and 6) or CMCT (lanes 8, 9, 11 and 12) in the presence of 60S (lanes 2 and 8) or 40S and 60S (lanes 5 and 11) ribosomes. Lanes 1, 4, 7 and 10 are the unmodified controls. The arrowhead marks A6014, which was only protected in the presence of both 40S and 60S ribosomes.