Invasion of HeLa cells by E.coli DH10B asd– (pGB2Ωinv, pEGFPN2). Overnight culture of invasive DH10B asd– bacteria or non- invasive DH10B asd– control were overlaid onto monolayer cultures of HeLa cells at the desired MOI for 120 min. HeLa cells were washed to remove extracellular bacteria before being incubated at 37°C for 48 h prior to detection of GFP expression. (A–E) Left, photomicrograph showing GFP fluorescence; center, phase contrast microscopy (red filter) showing same field of cells; right, FACS analysis of cells sorted for GFP (x-axis) and orange auto-fluorescence (y-axis); cells in lower right quadrant represent GFP-positive cells (F, % GFP-expressing cells). (A) MOI = 1000, F = 3.17. (B) MOI = 2000, F = 12.08. (C) MOI = 4000, F = 12.12. (D) Non-invasive E.coli, MOI = 2000, F = 1.67. (E) HeLa colony stably expressing GFP. F = 62.5% after G418 selection for 32 days.