Differential regulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression by Th1 and Th2 cells. (A) Differentiated Th1 and Th2 cells were generated from the OT2 RAG−/− mice and DO11.10 RAG−/− mice stimulated under polarizing conditions. Rested T cells (after two to three rounds of polarizing stimulation) were cocultured with thioglycolate-induced macrophages in the presence (+; from 0.0001 to 1 μg/ml) or absence (−) of peptide (Ova 323–329). Twenty-four hours later, all cells were harvested and stained for PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression as well as for F4/80. Representative histograms shown are gated on F4/80+ cells to distinguish macrophages from T cells. (B) Induction of PD-L1 and PD-L2 by Th1/Th2 cells at different peptide concentrations. MFI of staining results shown is for F4/80+ gated cells. Results shown for A and B are representative of three to four experiments, each with DO11.10 and OT2 T cells, all with similar results. (C) Induction of PD-L1 expression by Th1 cells is Stat1-dependent, and PD-L2 expression by Th2 cells is IL-4Rα- and Stat6-dependent. Differentiated Th1 cells from OT2 RAG−/− mice were cocultured with macrophages from Stat1−/− mice, and differentiated DO11.10 RAG−/− Th2 cells were cocultured with macrophages from Stat6 and IL-4Rα−/− mice for 24 h in the presence of peptide (heavy line) or the absence of peptide (thin line). Histograms shown are representative of several different peptide concentrations.