Table 3.
Environmental factors for tuberculosis: comparison of TB cases and clinic controls.
| Variable | Controls n (%) | Cases n (%) | Total No. triplets | OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adja OR (95% CI) | Adja p value |
| Electric or gas cooker | 100 | ||||||
| Absent | 159 (79.5) | 86 (86%) | 1.0 | ||||
| Present | 41 (20.5) | 14 (14%) | 0.60 (0.29–1.21) | 0.15 | |||
| Ceiling | 100 | ||||||
| Yes | 155 (77.5) | 63 (63) | 1.0 | ||||
| No | 45 (22.5) | 37 (37) | 2.08 (1.21–3.57) | 0.008 | 2.27 (1.07–4.83) | 0.032 | |
| Walls | 100 | ||||||
| Cement | 136 (68) | 56 (56) | 1.0 | ||||
| Mud | 4 (2) | 11 (11) | 5.92 (1.86–18.81) | 0.003 | 4.52 (0.93–21.98) | 0.062 | |
| Mudbrick/other | 60 (30) | 33 (33) | 1.30 (0.77–2.19) | 0.33 | 0.83 (0.39–1.74) | 0.62 | |
| Floor | 100 | ||||||
| Earth | 27 (13.5) | 18 (18) | 1.0 | ||||
| Concrete/tiles | 170 (85) | 71 (71) | 0.72 (0.39–1.37) | 0.32 | |||
| Number of windows | 99 | ||||||
| 0–1 | 60 (30.3) | 29 (29.3) | 1.0 | ||||
| 2–4 | 116 (58.5) | 51 (51.5) | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) | 0.67 | |||
| >4 | 24 (12.1) | 18 (18.2) | 1.49 (0.69–3.23) | 0.32 | |||
| Occupation head of house | 74 | ||||||
| Unemployed | 18 (10.2) | 10 (12.5) | 0.55 (0.19–1.55) | 0.26 | |||
| Unskilled worker | 37 (21.0 | 10 (12.5) | 1.0 | ||||
| Skilled worker | 18 (10.2) | 3 (3.8) | 0.96 (0.37–2.48) | 0.94 | |||
| Professional | 86 (48.8) | 40 (50) | 0.33 (0.07–1.46) | 0.14 | |||
| Other | 17 (9.7) | 17 (21.3) | 1.95 (0.63–5.96) | 0.24 | |||
| Crowding index | 91 | ||||||
| 1 | 44 (23.2) | 10 (11.8) | 1.0 | ||||
| 2 | 31 (16.4) | 11 (12.9) | 1.49 (0.54–4.09) | 0.44 | 2.39(0.71–8.02) | 0.16 | |
| 3 | 189 (60.3) | 64 (75.3) | 2.31 (1.05–5.12) | 0.038 | 5.12 (1.82–14.38) | 0.002 | |
| Household member had TB | 100 | ||||||
| No/unsure | 178 (89) | 55 (55) | |||||
| yes | 22 (11) | 45 (45) | 6.02 (3.23–11.25) | <0.0001 | 7.55 (3.43–16.6) | <0.0001 |
aAdjusted through multivariable analysis