Definition of localization, L, polarization, P, and polarization angle, φ, and a comparison between the time dependence of these parameters for a single cell (which is stimulated 10 times) and a population of 40 cells (which are stimulated once). (a) The response function R(θ, Tmax) (open circles) and the fitting function Rfit(θ, Tmax) (red line). (b) Time dependence of L for a single cell. (c) Time dependence of the average L for a population. (d) Time dependence of P for a single cell. (e) Time dependence of the average P for a population. (f) Time dependence of φ for a single cell. The two dashed red lines indicate the dynamics of φ for two other single cells. φ is very reproducible from pulse to pulse, even when φ ≠ 0. (g) Time dependence of the average φ for a population of 40 cells, which averages to zero. Error bars denote standard deviations.