Agonist-liganded VDR and RARγ synergistically induce TSLP expression. (a) Mouse ears were treated with ethanol, BMS961 (4 nmol), 1α,25-(OH)2D3 (0.4 nm), or BMS961 (4 nmol) plus 1α,25-(OH)2D3 (0.4 nmol), as indicated. TSLP RNA levels in the ears (Left) and serum TSLP levels (Right) were measured at day 4. (b) Putative VDREs (DR3) and RAREs (DR2 and DR1) upstream of the mouse TSLP promoter. (c) Putative VDREs (DR3) and RAREs (DR2 and DR1) upstream of the human TSLP promoter.