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. 2003 May;69(5):2825–2830. doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2825-2830.2003

TABLE 2.

List of birds not carrying ticks or B. burgdorferi sensu lato-infected ticks

Bird species No. of birds No. of ticks
Tick infestation
Tested ticks
Positive ticks
Larvae Nymphs Larvae Nymphs Larvae Nymphs
Aegithalos caudatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (long-tailed tit) 2 0 0
Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus, 1758) (hawfinch) 1 0 0
Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus, 1758) (great spotted woodpecker) 4 0 0
Muscicapa striata Pallas, 1764 (spotted flycatcher) 4 0 0
Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (tree sparrow) 2 0 0
Phylloscopus collybita (Vieillot, 1819) (chiffchaff) 1 0 0
Parus caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758) (blue tit) 2 0 3 0 3 0 0
Erithacus rubecula (Linnaeus, 1758) (European robin) 10 63 5 25 3 0 0
Fringilla coelebs (Linnaeus, 1758) (chaffinch) 4 0 2 0 2 0 0
Luscinia megarhynchos (Brehm, 1831) (nightingale) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Parus montanus (Baldenstein, 1827) (willow tit) 1 3 4 3 4 0 0
Parus palustris (Linnaeus, 1758) (marsh tit) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (house sparrow) 1 1 0 1 0 0 0
Sylvia atricapilla (Linnaeus, 1758) (blackcap) 12 3 6 3 5 0 0