SA of tiles with increasingly complex WCs. (Scale bars: 5 cm.) (A–D) C tiles, 7.5 mm square. (A) Visualization of L patches. (B) Disaggregated. (C) Shaken ≈30 h. (D) Shifted bonds are strongest at the extremes of subphase density (here 2.4 g/ml) but are present before shaking for all ρ. (E–H) P tiles, 1.2 cm on a side. (E) Two codes (a and b) are used. (F) Disaggregated. (G) Shaken ≈9 days. Note the common vertex star (s) whose moon isomer (m) occurs only once, errors (*), trapped tiles (t), and incompletable configurations (inc). (H) Fat rhombs shaken alone. Moons (m) are now common and only one well-formed star (s) occurs. (I–K) XOR tiles, 1.2 cm on a side. (I) Four codes (c–f) are used. (J) Disaggregated. (K) Shaken ≈60 h. Note errors (*), incompletable configurations (inc), and triangles (Δ1, Δ2, Δ3). (L) A single mismatch may cause a dislocation (*) because mismatched edges are repulsive along 2/3 of their length. Structures in L were cropped from a larger image and lightened with Adobe Photoshop.