FIG. 4.

Infection of CD4⁺ astrocytes is partially inhibited by vMIP-I and RANTES. Adult-derived astrocytes 001A either pretreated with Ad-CD4 (A) or untreated (B) and fetal astrocytes F01 (C) were preincubated with a range of chemokines or small-molecule inhibitors at 500 nM or with antibodies at 5 μg/ml before being exposed to the HIV-1 isolate GUN-1v. Infected cells were detected by immunostaining for p24 at 72 h postinfection. One hundred percent infection represents the titer in the absence of inhibitor and was approximately 150 FFU. All values were calculated with respect to this control. All samples were done in duplicate, and the error bars represent the standard errors of the means.