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Assessment of gene transfer efficacy. X-gal staining of microscopic sections of left ventricle 48 hours after injection of AdCMV-βgal into the left ventricular cavity was used to assess transduction efficacy. Transduced cells (stained blue) were observed throughout the left ventricular wall. This gene delivery method achieved transduction of approximately 20% of ventricular myocytes without obvious cell damage. LV, left ventricular; epi, epicardium; endo, endocardium.
