FIG. 5.

Temperature effects on frameshifting. The diagram shows the constructs used to measure frameshifting. pACTTy contains the luciferase reporter gene in frame with the β-galactosidase reporter gene. In the pACTy construct, the Ty1 frameshift sequence has been inserted between the two ORFs. Expression of the luciferase reporter indicates the efficiency of the Ty frameshift site. The reporter gene activity from the constructs was measured in triplicate in two yeast strains grown at 22 and 37°C. The β-galactosidase (β-gal) and luciferase activities are the averages of the three measurements, and the standard deviations are in parentheses. Luciferase activity, normalized to β-galactosidase activity, is used to calculate the percent frameshift efficiency for each strain at both temperatures. Frameshift efficiency is calculated as 100 times the ratio of luciferase activity/β-galactosidase activity for the pACTy plasmid divided by the corresponding ratio for the pACTTy plasmid.