Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Cohort (n = 570)
| Characteristics | N (%) or Mean (SD) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 260 (45.6) |
| Female | 310 (54.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White | 258 (45.3) |
| Hispanic | 116 (20.4) |
| African American | 162 (28.4) |
| Other | 34 (6.0) |
| Age at entry into care | 7.3 (3.9) |
| Sexual abuse | |
| Yes | 88 (15.4) |
| No | 482 (84.6) |
| Physical abuse | |
| Yes | 149 (26.1) |
| No | 421 (73.9) |
| Neglect | |
| Yes | 371 (65.1) |
| No | 199 (34.9) |
| Emotional abuse | |
| Yes | 82 (14.4) |
| No | 488 (85.6) |
| Caretaker absence | |
| Yes | 263 (46.1) |
| No | 307 (53.9) |
| Protective issues only | |
| Yes | 102 (17.9) |
| No | 468 (82.1) |
| Total behavior problems | |
| Yes (≥60) | 287 (50.4) |
| No (<60) | 283 (49.6) |
| Previous episodes in out-of-home care | |
| Yes | 164 (28.8) |
| No | 406 (71.2) |
| Number of days in out-of-home care | 485.1 (109.2) |
| Episodes in relative foster care | |
| Yes | 263 (46.1) |
| No | 307 (53.9) |
| Number of placement changes | 3.5 (2.8)a |
| Behavior-related placement change | |
| Yes | 144 (25.3) |
| No | 426 (74.7) |
a
Standardized to account for varying lengths of stay in out-of-home placement among cohort (number of placements/number of days spent in out-of-home care) × 548 days [=18 months]).