Table 3.

Multivariate Poisson Regression Analysis of Number of Placement Changes and Mental Health Visits Using GEE (Empirical GEE Parameter Estimates)

Variables	Rate ratio	95% Confidence interval	p value
Number of placement changes	1.08	1.02, 1.14	.009**
Gender (male = 0)	0.76	0.59, 0.99	.040*
Age at entry	1.06	1.03, 1.10	.0003**
Race/ethnicity			.006**
African American	1.10	0.80, 1.53
Hispanic	0.53	0.34, 0.82
Other	0.56	0.27, 1.18
White	1.00	—
Type of maltreatment
Sexual abuse (no = 0)	0.85	0.56	.42
Physical abuse (no = 4 0)	0.98	0.70	.92
Neglect (no = 0)	1.04	0.75	.81
Caretaker absence (no = 0)	0.72	0.53	.044*
Emotional abuse (no = 0)	1.05	0.69	.83
Protective issues (no = 0)	0.94	0.62	.74
Behavior problems (no = 0)	2.06	1.55, 2.72	<.0001**
Episodes in kinship care (no = 0)	0.59	0.43, 0.81	.0009**
Previous out-of-home care (no = 0)	1.20	0.89, 1.61	.23
Days in inpatient psychiatric (30-day interval)	1.02	0.94, 1.10	.66

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.