Table 4.

Multivariate Poisson Regression Analysis of Behavior-Related Placement Change and Mental Health Visits Using GEE (Empirical GEE Parameter Estimates)

Variables	Rate ratio	95% Confidence interval	p value
Behavior-related placement change	1.48	1.10, 1.99	.010*
Gender (male = 0)	0.78	0.60, 1.01	.06
Age at entry	1.06	1.03, 1.10	.0002**
Race/ethnicity			.009**
African American	1.10	0.79, 1.54
Hispanic	0.54	0.35, 0.84
Other	0.54	0.25, 1.12
White	1.00	—
Type of maltreatment
Sexual abuse (no = 0)	0.86	0.58, 1.29	.47
Physical abuse (no = 0)	1.00	0.72, 1.39	.99
Neglect (no = 0)	1.06	0.77, 1.46	.73
Caretaker absence (no = 0)	0.72	0.53, 0.99	.04*
Emotional abuse (no = 0)	0.95	0.63, 1.42	.96
Protective issues (no = 0)	0.95	0.64, 1.42	.81
Behavior problems (no = 0)	2.05	1.56, 2.70	<.0001**
Episodes in kinship care (no = 0)	0.57	0.42, 0.79	.0006**
Prior out-of-home care (no = 0)	1.18	0.88, 1.59	.28
Days in inpatient psychiatric (30–day interval)	1.05	0.98, 1.13	.14

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.