Table 3.
Percent increase (95% CI) of mortality outcomes of Shanghai residents associated with a 10-μg/m3 increase in O3 concentrations in 2001–2004.a
| Cause of death | Daily deaths (n) | Full year | Cold season | Warm season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All causes | ||||
| Total (nonaccident) | 119.0 | 0.45 (0.16 to 0.73) | 1.38 (0.68 to 2.07) | 0.30 (−0.01 to 0.61) |
| Total, male | 62.5 | 0.37 (0.01 to 0.73) | 1.02 (0.17 to 1.87) | 0.25 (−0.17 to 0.66) |
| Total, female | 56.5 | 0.53 (0.15 to 0.90) | 1.78 (0.87 to 2.68) | 0.37 (−0.04 to 0.77) |
| Total (0–4 years) | 0.3 | −3.88 (−8.64 to 0.88) | −6.09 (−17.14 to 4.97) | −4.33 (−10.16 to 1.50) |
| Total (5–44 years) | 3.7 | −0.13 (−1.48 to 1.22) | 0.59 (−2.73 to 3.91) | 0.19 (−1.35 to 1.72) |
| Total (45–64 years) | 15.5 | 0.56 (−0.11 to 1.23) | 1.65 (0.03 to 3.27) | 0.23 (−0.55 to 1.01) |
| Total (≥ 65 years) | 99.6 | 0.46 (0.16 to 0.77) | 1.38 (0.65 to 2.11) | 0.33 (0.00 to 0.66) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 44.2 | 0.53 (0.10 to 0.96) | 1.53 (0.54 to 2.52) | 0.37 (−0.12 to 0.85) |
| Stroke | 25.5 | 0.79 (0.23 to 1.35) | 1.74 (0.49 to 2.98) | 0.57 (−0.09 to 1.22) |
| Heart disease | 16.8 | 0.24 (−0.43 to 0.92) | 1.16 (−0.33 to 2.66) | 0.14 (−0.66 to 0.94) |
| Respiratory disease | 14.3 | 0.35 (−0.40 to 1.09) | 0.95 (−0.71 to 2.60) | 0.14 (−0.71 to 0.99) |
| COPD | 12.2 | 0.22 (−0.60 to 1.03) | 0.75 (−1.05 to 2.54) | 0.07 (−0.86 to 1.00) |
| Acute respiratory infection | 1.0 | 1.99 (−0.55 to 4.52) | 0.73 (−5.08 to 6.53) | 1.93 (−1.13 to 4.99) |
a
Current day temperature and relative humidity (lag = 0), and 2-day moving average of O3 concentrations (lag01) were used in all the regression models shown in this table.