Skip to main content
PMC home page
Immunology logoLink to Immunology
. 1982 Jan;45(1):39–48.

An in vivo study of the ontogeny of alloreactivity in the frog, Xenopus laevis.

S J DiMarzo, N Cohen
PMCID: PMC1555163  PMID: 6459993

Abstract

Pre- and perimetamorphic larval and post-metamorphic juvenile frogs (Xenopus laevis) from a single family were grafted with skin from either of their patents (who differed from the hosts by one major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype and multiple minor H loci) or from an unrelated adult (to provide a greater immunogenetic disparity). The fate of such skin grafts transplanted to hosts of various developmental stages indicated that a net destructive alloimmunity in this amphibian species develops gradually during ontogeny. In contrast to the uniform rejection of grafts on animals transplanted as postmetamorphic froglets, many recipients of grafts transplanted during larval life became tolerant. The incidence of tolerance depended on the recipients' developmental stage at the time of grafting and on the particular MHC haplotype barriers involved. In general, larvae grafted at an early developmental stage became tolerant, whereas recipients transplanted at older larval stages rejected grafts from the same donor. Even when larvae rejected their grafts, the reaction was often more chronic than that mounted by postmetamorphic froglet controls.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BORAKER D. K., HILDEMANN W. H. MATURATION OF ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS IN MICE. Transplantation. 1965 Mar;3:202–223. doi: 10.1097/00007890-196503000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bernardini N., Chardonnens X., Simon D. Développement après la métamorphose de compétences immunologiques envers les homogreffes cutanées chez Xenopus laevis Daudin. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1969 Sep 15;269(11):1011–1014. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chardonnens X., Du Pasquier L. Induction of skin allograft tolerance during metamorphosis of the toad Xenopus laevis: a possible model for studying generation of self tolerance to histocompatibility antigens. Eur J Immunol. 1973 Sep;3(9):569–573. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830030909. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dennis R. A., Jacoby R. O., Griesemer R. A. Development of immunity in fetal dogs: skin allograft rejection. Am J Vet Res. 1969 Sep;30(9):1511–1516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hildemann W. H. Components and concepts of antigenic strength. Transplant Rev. 1969;3:5–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1970.tb00252.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Horton J. D. Ontogeny of the immune response to skin allografts in relation to lymphoid organ development in the amphibian Xenopus laevis Daudin. J Exp Zool. 1969 Apr;170(4):449–465. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401700407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. LITCHFIELD J. T., Jr A method for rapid graphic solution of time-per cent effect curves. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1949 Dec;97(4):399-408, 3 tab. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Manning M. J., Horton J. D. Histogenesis of lymphoid organs in larvae of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis (Daudin). J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1969 Sep;22(2):265–277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. NAJARIAN J. S., DIXON F. J. Homotransplantation immunity of neonatal rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962 Mar;109:592–594. doi: 10.3181/00379727-109-27278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. SILVERSTEIN A. M., PRENDERGAST R. A., KRANER K. L. FETAL RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULUS. IV. REJECTION OF SKIN HOMOGRAFTS BY THE FETAL LAMB. J Exp Med. 1964 Jan 1;119:955–964. doi: 10.1084/jem.119.6.955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. STEINMULLER D. Transplantation immunity in the newborn rat. I. The response at birth and maturation of response capacity. J Exp Zool. 1961 Aug;147:233–257. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401470306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Waring H., Holmes R., Cockson A., Ashman R. B., Stanley N. F. Induction of long-term tolerance in the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) by thymus and skin allografts into early pouch young. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1978 Oct;56(5):597–604. doi: 10.1038/icb.1978.66. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Weiss N., Du Pasquier L. Factors affecting the reactivity of amphibian lymphocytes in a miniaturized technique of the mixed lymphocyte culture. J Immunol Methods. 1973 Nov;3(3):273–285. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(73)90023-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES