Table 5.
Social, geographic, and clinical correlates of insulin use (multivariate model with a dichotomous distance measure)
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P |
| Driving distance less than 10 km | 2.29 | 1.35, 3.88 | 0.002 |
| Age (years) | 1.02 | 0.99, 1.05 | 0.13 |
| Male | 0.68 | 0.42, 1.09 | 0.11 |
| Race – White, non-Hispanic | 1.08 | 0.34, 3.45 | 0.90 |
| Married or living as married | 1.42 | 0.83, 2.42 | 0.20 |
| High School Graduate | 1.23 | 0.65, 2.32 | 0.53 |
| Low income | 1.30 | 0.70, 2.40 | 0.40 |
| Health Insurance | |||
| Private | 1.41 | 0.72, 2.74 | 0.32 |
| Medicare | 0.99 | 0.53, 1.85 | 0.97 |
| Medicaid | 1.16 | 0.60, 2.24 | 0.66 |
| Military or Veterans' | 1.16 | 0.49, 2.75 | 0.74 |
| None | 0.73 | 0.14, 3.85 | 0.71 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 1.06 | 1.02, 1.10 | 0.002 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 1.08 | 1.05, 1.10 | <0.001 |
| Glycosolated hemoglobin A1C (%) | 1.56 | 1.32, 1.83 | <0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent use | 0.35 | 0.22, 0.55 | <0.001 |
| Endocrinology visit in the last year | 4.92 | 2.81, 8.62 | <0.001 |
| Primary care visits in the last month | 1.06 | 0.99, 1.14 | 0.09 |