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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Aug 30.
Published in final edited form as: Alcohol. 2005 Jun;36(2):83–90. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2005.07.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Chronic ethanol ingestion differentially regulates components of the central amygdala/CRF system. (A) Example of real-time PCR reactions using primers/probe for pre-proCRF (□, ▪) and the ubiquitous gene glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; ○, ^) and total RNA from central amygdala (‘CeN’, open symbols) and total forebrain (‘Fb’, closed symbols). The threshold cycle, CT, for each product is defined as the cycle where log[fluorescence] increases above an arbitrary level (dashed line). CT values for each gene product in each sample are shown in parentheses. (B) The expression of pre-proCRF mRNA is significantly increased during chronic ethanol exposure. Relative expression units were determined by dividing the apparent levels of pre-proCRF mRNA by the apparent levels of GAPDH expression in each sample (see Methods section). * – P<0.05, two-sided Student’s t-test. (C) The expression of CRF binding protein mRNA was not significantly affected by chronic ethanol exposure. (D) Chronic ethanol ingestion did not influence the expression of GAPDH in these experiments. Relative expression levels were therefore not significantly influenced by the normalization of target gene expression to GAPDH in each sample.