. 2006 Jul 3;2006:69616. doi: 10.1155/JBB/2006/69616

Table 2.

Biological functions of miRNAs in different species

Species	Expression	miRNA	mRNA target	Validation (Expt/Pred)	Mode of regulation	Process regulated	References

Schizosaccharomyces pombe	—	12 different small RNAs	Centromeric regions	Expt	H3 K9 DNA methylation	Maintenance of heterochromatin	[135]
Caenorhabditis elegans	—	lin-4	lin-14	Expt	Translational repression/mRNA cleavage	Control of the developmental stages L1-L3	[3, 4, 75, 151]
Caenorhabditis elegans	—	lin-4	lin-28	Expt	Translational repression/mRNA cleavage	Control of the developmental stages L1-L3	[3, 4, 75, 151]
	—	let-7	hbl-1	Expt	Translational repression/mRNA cleavage	Control of the last developmental stage L4	[75, 149, 152–156]
			lin-41
			daf-12
			ras
	—	miR-48 miR-84 miR-241	hbl-1	Expt	Translational repression	Control of the L2 to L3 transition	[157]
Drosophila melanogaster	—	bantam	hid	Expt	Translational repression	Inhibition of apoptosis	[158]
	—	miR-2 miR-6 miR-11 miR-13 miR-308	ND	Expt	ND	Inhibition of apoptosis	[159]
Mus musculus	Hematopoietic cells	miR-142 miR-181 miR-223	ND	Expt	ND	Hematopoietic cell differentiation	[150]
	Mouse embryo < day 7	miR-196	HOXB8	Expt	mRNA cleavage	Control of the developmental program	[74]
Homo sapiens	Brain	miR-124	ND	Expt	ND	Brain-specific gene expression	[73]
	Muscle	miR-1	ND	Expt	ND	Muscle-specific gene expression	[73]
	Overexpression in brain tumor glioblastoma	miR-21	ND	Expt	ND	Inhibition of apoptosis	[160]
	Downregulation in CLL	miR-15a miR-16-1	Bcl2	Expt	Translational repression	Induction of apoptosis	[161, 162]
	Downregulation in numerous cancer cultured cells	miR-143 miR-145	ND	Expt	ND	Oncogenesis	[163]
	Overexpression in BL patient	miR-155	ND	Expt	ND	Oncogenesis	[164]
	Overexpression in B-cells lymphomas and lung cancer cell lines	miR-17-92 cluster	ND	Expt	ND	Oncogenesis	[165]
	HeLa, 293T	miR-32	ORF2 in the 3′NTR of all remaining PFV-1 mRNAs	Expt	ND	Restriction of PFV-1 accumulation	[166]
	Liver-specific expression	miR-122	5′ noncoding region of the HCV genome	Expt	ND	Facilitation of HCV replication	[167]
	T cells	miR-29a miR-29b	nef	Pred	ND	Inhibition of HIV-1 replication	[168]
	T cells	miR-149	vpr	Pred	ND	Control of the cell cycle arrest in G2	[168]
	T cells	miR-378	env	Pred	ND	Control of the virus assembly	[168]
	T cells	miR-324-5p	vif	Pred	ND	Control of viral particle production	[168]

BL: Burkitt lymphoma; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemias; Expt: experimental; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HIV-1: human immunodeficiency virus type 1; ND: not determined; PFV-1: primate foamy virus type 1; Pred: predicted.