Table 2.

Studies based on the direct application of siRNAs to induce RNAi in vivo: administration of siRNAs based on liposomes/cationic lipids.

Administration	Target tissue/organ	siRNA formulation	Target gene(s)	Target disease/aim of study	Reference
Intravenous	Liver metastasis	Liposomes	bcl−2	Metastasis	[135]
				growth inhibition
Intravenous	Kidney	Liposomes	V2R	Role of V2R in water/	[136]
				sodium homeostasis
Intravenous	Subcutaneous tumor	DOPC liposomes	EphA2	Tumor growth inhibition	[137]
	xenograft
Intravenous	Lung	Liposomes	caveolin-1	Increase in lung	[138]
				vascular permeability
Intravenous/intraperitoneal	Various	Liposomes	–	Detection of FITC-	[139]
				labeled siRNA
Intraperitoneal	Peritoneal cavity	Liposomes	IL-12p40	Inflammation	[140]
Intraperitoneal	Peritoneal cavity	Liposomes	β-catenin	Tumor growth Inhibition	[141]
Intraperitoneal	Various	Liposomes	TNF-α	Sepsis after	[142]
				lipopolysaccharide injection
Transurethral	Bladder cancer	Liposomes	PLK-1	Tumor growth inhibition	[143]
Local	Ear	Liposomes	GJBR75W	Hearing loss	[144]
Subcutaneous	Subcutaneous prostate	Liposomes	bcl-2	Tumor growth inhibition	[135]
	carcinoma xenograft
Local (tracheal grafts)	Subcutaneous tracheal grafts	Liposomes	MIF	Decreased formation of	[145]
				obstructive bronchiolitis
Intracardiac	Developing vascular	Lipoplexes	GFP	Downregulation of GFP	[146]
	network of chicken embryo
Systemic	Prostate cancer	Cationic cardiolipin liposomes	Raf-1	Inhibition of	[147]
	xenografts			tumor growth
Intravenous	Subcutaneous breast	Cationic cardiolipin analogue	c-raf	Tumor growth inhibition	[148]
	cancer xenografts
Intrathecal	Spinal cord/	i-Fect (cationic lipid)	Delta opioid receptor	DELT antinociception	[149]
	dorsal root ganglia
Intratumoral	Subcutaneous HeLa xenograft	Cytofectin GSV	GFP	Downregulation of GFP	[150]
Intra-cerebroventricular	Brain	JetSI (+ DOPE)	Luciferase	Downregulation of luciferase	[71]
Intravaginal	Vagina	Oligofectamine	HSV-2 proteins	Protection from HSV-2 infection	[151]