Table 1.

Therapeutic aptamers in cancer treatment.

Aptamer	Aptamer activity		The rapeutic application
	in vitro	in vivo
Macugen	Inhibition of VEGF165	Inhibition of the VEGF-induced	Approved by FDA for treatment of age-related
		vascular permeability	macular degeneration
ProMune	Agonist for toll-like receptor 9 (TLR 9)	Activate the immune system through TLR 9 against cancer	Phase 2: melanoma
			Phase 1: renal cell carcinoma;
			non- Hodgkin's lymphoma; cutaneous T-cell
			lymphoma, non-small-cell lung cancer
Agro 100	Binding to nucleolin	Antiproliferative activity in a broad	Phase 1
		array of tumor cell types; enhancement	Phase 2 launched in 2005
		of chemotherapeutic agents effects	for advanced solid malignancies
HYB2055	Agonist for TLR 9	Antitumor activity in nude mouse	Phase 2 for advanced solid malignancies
		xenografts with colon, breast
		lung cancer, and glioma cell lines
VaxImmune	Agonist for TLR 9	Elicits a powerful immune response	Phase 2 for several different cancer indications
adjuvant		against infectious disease and cancers