Table 2.

Summary of the main clinical studies that have provided statins efficacy results in AD or other types of dementias. Dur: duration of the study (months), N: number of patients, SD: study design, PO: main primary outcomes or biological effects, AO: additional outcomes, SO: main secondary outcomes, Ref: references.

Drug dosage	SD	N	Dur	PO	SO	AO	Results	Ref
Different statins	Case control	284	72	Relative risk of AD (odd ratio)	—	—	Decrease relative AD risk (0.29)	[56]
Atorvastatin calcium 80 mg/day	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	63	12	ADAS cog and CGIC change score	ADAS cog, CGI, and NPI Scales	—	Improvements in PO, trends to improving in SO	[154]
Simvastatin 20 mg/day	Uncontrolled, open trial	19	3	CSF levels of βsAPP, αsAPP, Tau, phospho-Tau, Aβ1−42, and plasma levels of Aβ1−42	ADAS cog	—	βsAPP, αsAPP decreased, ADAS-cog slightly increased	[153]
Simvastatin 20 mg/day	Uncontrolled, open	19	12	CSF levels of Aβ1−42, βsAPP, αsAPP, totAPP, and total Tau, plasma levels of Aβ1−42 ADAS cog	MMSE	—	No changes in CSF levels of Aβ1−42, βsAPP, totAPP, total Tau, plasma levels of Aβ1−42, ADAS cog, and MMSE, αsAPP increased	[158]
Pravastatin 40 mg/day	Randomized, placebo-controlled	5804	38.4	Coronary death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal and nonfatal stroke	—	MMSE	No differences between treatment and controlled group	[155]
Simvastatin 40 mg/day	Randomized, placebo-controlled	20.536	60	Plasma levels of LDL, major coronary events, strokes, and revascularizations (separated into prior and not prior cerebrovascular disease)	Ischaemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke (separated into prior and not prior cerebrovascular disease)	TICS-m	No differences in the cognitive score between treatment and control groups	[156]