Table 1.

Summary of studies on RNA oxidation in the central nervous system. (ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; IB: immunoblot; ICC: immunocytochemistry; IEmml: immunoelectronmicroscopy; RT-PCR: reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction.)

Year	Human neurological diseases	Materials/Procedures	Authors
1999	Alzheimer's disease	Brain (hippocampus/cerebral cortex)/ICC	Nunomura et al [8]
	Parkinson's disease	Brain (substantia nigra)/ICC	Zhang et al [9]
2000	Down syndrome	Brain (cerebral cortex)/ICC	Nunomura et al [10]
2001	Alzheimer's disease	Brain (hippocampus/cerebral cortex)/IEM	Nunomura et al [11]
2002	Dementia with Lewy bodies	Brain (hippocampus/cerebral cortex)/ICC	Nunomura et al [12, 13]
	Familial/sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease	Brain (cerebral cortex)/ICC	Guentchev et al [14]
	Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis	Brain (cerebral cortex)/ICC	Hayashi et al [15]
	Alzheimer's disease	Cerebrospinal fluid/HPLC	Abe et al [16]
	Parkinson's disease/multiple-system atrophy	Cerebrospinal fluid/ELISA	Kikuchi et al [17]
2003	Alzheimer's disease	Brain (hippocampus/cerebral cortex)/IB and	Shan et al [18, 19]
		RT-PCR (mRNA)
	Parkinson's disease	Cerebrospinal fluid/HPLC	Abe et al [20]
2004	Familial Alzheimer's disease	Brain (cerebral cortex)/ICC	Nunomura et al [21]
2005	Alzheimer's disease	Brain (hippocampus)/IB and RT-PCR (rRNA)	Honda et al [22]
	Xeroderma pigmentosum (group A)	Brain (globus pallidus)/ICC	Hayashi et al [23]
	Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease	Brain (hippocampus/cerebral cortex)/ICC	Petersen et al [24]
	Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment	Brain (cerebral cortex)/IB (rRNA)	Ding et al [25]
Year	Experimental conditions	Materials/Procedures	Authors
2002	Old rat	Brain (hippocampus)/ICC	Liu et al [26]
2003	Adult rat with intermittent hypoxia	Brain (hippocampus)/ICC	Row et al [27]
2004	Culture neuron under proteasome inhibition	Mixed astrocyte and neuron cultures/ICC and IB	Ding et al [28]