Table 2.

Description of ancient specimen and results from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing.

						marker
classification	specimen	location	period	date	collagen fraction	UTY19	ZFY4	DBY7
Aurochesen, predomestic	Lzz3287	Sweden	pleistocene/holocene	7972±290 BCa	0.11	C	C	C
	Lzz3348	Sweden	pleistocene/holocene	9500-6000 BCb	0.18	A		C
	Lzz3343	Sweden	holocene	7753±206 BCa	0.21	C
	2M3886	Italy	pleistocene	>9500 BCc		C	C	C
	3M3884	Italy	pleistocene	>9500 BCc		C	C	C
	4	Italy	pleistocene	>9500 BCc		C
Aurochsen, morphological classification	DD10	Germany	early neolithic, LBK	5500–4900 BCc	0.062	C		C
	DD23	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc	0.079	C	C	C
	DD56	Germany	early neolithic, LBK	5500–4900 BCc	0.048	C		C
	Aut10:2	Austria	middle neolithic	4600 BCc	0.065	C	C	C
intermediate morphology	DD73	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc		C	C	C
	DD35	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc		C	C	C
	DD24	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc	0.063	C	C	C
	DD25	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc	0.058	C	C	C
	DD27	Germany	middle neolithic, stroked ware	4900–4400 BCc	0.09	C	C	C
domesticates, morphological classification	DD21	Germany	late neolithic, TRB	3500–2800 BCc	0.073	C	C	C
	DD29	Germany	final neolithic globular amphora	3100–2500 BCc		C	C	C
	DD39	Germany	early neolithic, LBK	5054±203 BCa		C
	DD61	Germany	late neolithic, TRB	3500–2800 BCc		C		C
	DD64	Germany	bronze age	2000–1000 BCc	0.18	C	C
unknown	DD22	Germany	neolithic/bronze age	5500–1000 BCc		C

^aRadiocarbon dating.

^bThis is the time period aurochsen existed in Sweden.

^cContextual dating.