Table 1.

Phenotypic correlations between digit ratio and various male and female traits shown separately for two generations (parental generation and F₁-generation).

generation (g)	parental			parental	F1			F1	parental and F1
method	correlation			lme	correlation			lme	lme
effect	digit ratio (dr)			(dr)	(dr)			(dr)	(dr)	(dr×g)
statistics	r	N	p	p	r	N	p	p	p	p
male song 1	−0.05	92	0.63	0.88	0.27	160	0.001*	0.003*	0.031	0.054
male song 8	−0.07	96	0.53	0.75	0.21	160	0.007	0.011	0.072	0.073
male aggression	0.08	96	0.42	0.15	0.10	160	0.21	0.23	0.15	0.86
male attractiveness	0.05	91	0.66	0.67	0.07	160	0.36	0.41	0.35	0.78
male beak colour	0.14	91	0.20	0.28	−0.09	160	0.25	0.20	0.90	0.095
female responsiveness	0.07	98	0.50	0.52	−0.09	137	0.30	0.20	0.60	0.20
female active time	−0.05	101	0.63	0.64	−0.06	133	0.47	0.52	0.42	0.94
female total hops	−0.33	101	0.001*	0.001*	0.005	133	0.96	0.69	0.021	0.029
female time deviation from random	0.13	101	0.19	0.13	0.07	122	0.44	0.37	0.11	0.75
female hops deviation from random	0.08	101	0.41	0.30	0.13	122	0.15	0.096	0.052	0.59
female proportion time close	−0.32	101	0.001*	0.002*	0.03	133	0.73	0.74	0.12	0.011
female proportion hops close	−0.21	101	0.034	0.026	−0.01	133	0.91	0.92	0.13	0.093
female aggressiveness preference	0.02	101	0.88	0.56	−0.16	132	0.060	0.061	0.15	0.18
female song 1 preference	0.04	98	0.73	0.99	−0.13	132	0.14	0.14	0.31	0.23
female beak colour preference	−0.04	101	0.68	0.73	−0.02	132	0.80	0.80	0.65	0.87
female digit ratio preference	−0.01	77	0.96	0.56	−0.10	132	0.26	0.28	0.34	0.61
female attractiveness preference	−0.02	101	0.85	0.86	−0.17	132	0.051	0.19	0.20	0.37
female beak colour	0.07	101	0.50	0.50	−0.18	133	0.041	0.15	0.81	0.18
female latency to lay eggs	0.28	84	0.010	0.010	—	—	—	—	—	—
female clutch size	0.20	80	0.08	0.049	—	—	—	—	—	—
female egg size	0.14	82	0.22	0.50	—	—	—	—	—	—

Linear mixed-effect models (lme) test for an effect of digit ratio (dr) on male and female traits while controlling for the identity of the mother as a random effect to partially account for the non-independence of data points due to genetic relatedness and shared maternal effects. These models were conducted for the parental generation, the F₁-generation and for both generations together. In the latter case, I simultaneously tested for a digit ratio by generation interaction (dr×g). Bold print highlights significant p-values. An asterisk (*) indicates significance after Bonferroni correction for 21 traits (parental generation) or 18 traits (F₁-generation), respectively.