Table 2.
Measurements for Australopithecus specimens
| Taxon | Age stage | Specimen | Hypoglossal canal area,* mm2 | Canal area/ palate size (×10−4) | Canal area/ oral cavity size (×10−4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. afarensis | Adult | A.L. 333-45 (recon.)† | 17.3 | 4.6 | 1.2 |
| A. afarensis | Immature | A.L. 333-105 | 9.9 | 8.9 | — |
| A. afarensis | Immature | A.L. 333-114 | 7.1 | — | — |
| A. boisei | Immature | Omo L338-y-6 (right) | 11.1 | — | — |
*
Canals were molded twice and the minimum value is reported.
†
Palate and oral cavity size were calculated by using the composite reconstructed A. afarensis cranium, which may underestimate the palate size for A.L. 333-45.