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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2006 Sep 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2006 Jul 9;9(8):1004–1006. doi: 10.1038/nn1733

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pup learning from odor-shock conditioning (0.5-mA shock) changes over development and is influenced by maternal (anesthetized) presence. Behavior was examined using a Y-maze test, (a) 8-d-old rats learned to prefer an odor paired with a shock, with or without maternal presence, (b) When conditioned without maternal presence, 12- to 15-d-old pups subjected to paired odor-shock learned an odor aversion. Pups that were conditioned with maternal presence learned an odor preference. (c) Pups of weaning age (21 to 23 d old) learned odor avoidance with or without maternal presence. *P < 0.05. Error bars represent s.e.m.