Estimated composition of mixture samples. Mixture samples in the NNS were collected in July of 2002 and 2003. In the Skagerrak mixture samples were collected in July and in November–December of 2002 and 2003 (details in electronic supplementary material, table A2). Composition of the mixture samples is reported in terms of herring from three broad regions: North Sea, (shaded in orange), comprising North Sea autumn spawners, English Channel winter spawners and Norwegian spring spawners; Skagerrak spring spawners: (shaded in black); and spring spawners from the Kattegat and Western Baltic (shaded in green), comprising spring spawners from the Kattegat, Inner Danish Waters and Rügen.