Table 4.
Adjusted Geometric Mean SI for Associations of Parental and Child Characteristics With Antigen-Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation*
| Variables | Adjusted geometric mean SI (95% CI) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|
| Bla g 2 SI (n = 356)† | ||
| Maternal history of asthma | ||
| Yes | 2.30 (1.72–2.89) | .76 |
| No | 2.23 (1.70–3.09) | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 3.16 (2.06–4.84) | .02 |
| No (referent) | 1.80 (1.60–2.58) | |
| Missing | 2.03 (1.35–2.40) | .24 |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy‡ | ||
| Inadequate | 2.41 (1.79–3.24) | .07 |
| Adequate (referent) | 2.03 (1.55–2.67) | |
| Excessive | 2.37 (1.81–3.11) | .03 |
| Neonate race/ethnicity | ||
| White (referent) | 1.99 (1.53–2.59) | |
| Black | 2.69 (2.02–3.60) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 2.22 (1.59–3.09) | .36 |
| Asian | 2.20 (1.57–3.10) | .42 |
| 5-Minute Apgar score | ||
| ≥8 (referent) | 1.72 (1.46–2.03) | |
| <8 | 2.98 (1.89–4.68) | .01 |
| Der f 1 SI (n = 356)† | ||
| Maternal history of asthma | ||
| Yes | 3.03 (2.16–4.24) | .96 |
| No | 3.01 (2.24–4.04) | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 4.94 (3.05–8.00) | .002 |
| No (referent) | 2.57 (1.97–3.36) | |
| Missing | 2.17 (1.57–3.00) | .15 |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy‡ | ||
| Inadequate | 3.20 (2.19–4.47) | .22 |
| Adequate (referent) | 2.81 (2.07–3.82) | |
| Excessive | 3.06 (2.25–4.16) | .29 |
| Neonate race/ethnicity | ||
| White (referent) | 2.57 (1.91–3.46) | |
| Black | 3.80 (2.74–5.28) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 2.91 (2.01–4.24) | .35 |
| Asian | 2.92 (1.99–4.29) | .38 |
| 5-Minute Apgar score | ||
| ≥8 (referent) | 2.30 (1.90–2.78) | |
| <8 | 3.97 (2.38–6.62) | .03 |
| Phytohemagglutinin SI (n = 407)† | ||
| Maternal history of asthma | ||
| Yes | 44.5 (28.6–69.2) | .91 |
| No | 43.8 (29.9–64.0) | |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 55.7 (27.9–111.3) | .24 |
| No (referent) | 38.4 (27.4–53.8) | |
| Missing | 40.2 (26.7–60.6) | .77 |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy‡ | ||
| Inadequate | 52.5 (33.7–81.8) | .05 |
| Adequate (referent) | 39.0 (26.0–58.4) | |
| Excessive | 42.0 (28.4–62.2) | .51 |
| Neonate race/ethnicity | ||
| White (referent) | 43.1 (29.3–63.3) | |
| Black | 68.8 (45.2–104.6) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 34.4 (20.8–56.8) | .24 |
| Asian | 37.3 (22.1–63.0) | .48 |
| 5-Minute Apgar score | ||
| ≥8 (referent) | 42.0 (32.1–55.2) | |
| <8 | 46.3 (24.6–87.0) | .75 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SI, ratio of mean counts per minute of stimulated lymphocytes divided by mean counts per minute of unstimulated lymphocytes.
*
Models also adjusted for maternal body mass index.
†
loge transformed.
‡
Defined according to Institute of Medicine guidelines,22 using prepregnancy body mass index and total weight gain during pregnancy (see text).